Conditional Statements

Use this article as a reference sheet for JavaScript conditional statements.

• Conditional statements (if, else if, and else) execute code if a set of conditions are met.

It’s often helpful to think about conditional statements in spoken language:

“If condition A is true, let’s follow a set of instructions, otherwise, if it is false, let’s do something else.”

This sentence is the equivalent of the following JavaScript conditional statement:

if (A) {
  //do something
} else {
 //do something else
}

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Now, let’s consider a conditional statement that actualy does something:

var inNortherHemisphere = true;
var latitude = 40.7;
if (latitude > 30 && inNorthernHemisphere) {
  console.log("It's cold in December!");
} else {
  console.log("It's not cold in December!");
}

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In the example above, if a location has a latitude greater than 30 degrees and is in the Northern Hemisphere, then It's cold in December! will be logged to the console. If either condition is false, then the string It's not cold in December! will be logged to the console. Only one of the two strings will be logged to the console, but never both.

Conditional statements can also be used to check more than one condition:

var isPublicSchool = false;
var inState = true;
if (isPublicSchool && inState) {
  console.log('Student qualifies for in-state tuition.')
} else if (isPublicSchool || inState){
  console.log('Student may qualify for financial support.')
} else {
  console.log('Student does not qualify for financial support.')
}

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In the example above, the if/else if/else statement is used to check each condition, one after another. If isPublicSchool is true and inState is true, then the first block of code will execute. Otherwise, if isPublicSchool is true or inState is true, then the second block of code will execute. If neither condition is true, then the final block of code will execute.

In a conditional statement, the first condition that evaluates to true is the only block of code that executes. In the example above, if the first condition is true, then its code block will execute, and no other condition will be checked. This is important to note, because it is common for multiple expressions in a conditional statement to pass.

You are not limited to checking two conditions. You may use the else if keywords repeatedly to check as many conditions as you would like. For example, an if/else if/else if/else if/else if/else statement will check five conditions.