The models we declared contain relationships. Readers write multiple reviews and have multiple annotations. Similarly, books have multiple reviews and multiple annotations. In this exercise we will see how we can fetch all the reviews made by a reader, and to fetch the author of a review.

Fetching many objects

We fetch related objects of some object by accessing its attribute defined with .relationship(). For example, to fetch all reviews of a reader with id = 123 we do the following:

reader = Reader.query.get(123)
reviews_123 = reader.reviews.all()

Note that reviews attribute was defined as a column in the model for Reader using the .relationship() method (see app.py to remind yourself).

Fetching one object

For Review object we can fetch its authoring Reader through the backref field specified in Reader’s .relationship() attribute. For example, to fetch the author of review id = 111 we do the following:

review = Review.query.get(111)
reviewer_111 = review.reviewer 

You can modify the examples above so not to have temporary variables (reader and review_1) by chaining the operations:

reviews_123 = Reader.query.get(123).reviews.all()

and

reviewer_111 = Review.query.get(111).reviewer

Notice the subtle difference between the examples above. The first needs .all() because one reader can have many reviews. In the second example, we do not use .all() since each review is associated with only one reader. That is our one-to-many relationship.