Generator functions are similar to regular functions except that they must return an iterator. But instead of using a return statement, generator functions use an expression called yield.

So how does yield differ from a return statement? Well, any code that is written after a yield expression will execute on the next iteration of the iterator. Code written after a return statement will not execute.

The following example shows how the yield expression is used within a generator function:

def course_generator():
  yield 'Computer Science'
  yield 'Art'
  yield 'Business'

This function will return an iterator that contains the string values ‘Computer Science’, ‘Art’, and ‘Business’. On each iteration of the iterator, each yield will return its corresponding course value.

courses = course_generator()
for course in courses:
    print(course)

Would print out:

Computer Science
Art
Business

Another key difference between yield and return is that the yield expression will suspend the execution of the function and preserve any local variables that exist within the function. The return statement will terminate the function immediately and return the result(s) to the caller.

Like all objects, the iterator object returned by a generator function can be stored in a variable to be used later. It can then be iterated through as needed.

Let’s utilize the yield keyword to write our own generator function!