Introduction to Statistics with NumPy: Course OverviewCourse Overview

Introduction to NumPy

Get acquainted with NumPy, a Python library used to store arrays of numbers, and learn basic syntax and functionality.

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Key Concepts

Review core concepts you need to learn to master this subject

Indexing NumPy elements using conditionals

NumPy element-wise logical operations

Creating NumPy Arrays from files

NumPy Arrays

Accessing NumPy Array elements by index

NumPy element-wise arithmetic operations

Indexing NumPy elements using conditionals

numbers = np.array([-5, 4, 0, 2, 3])
positives = numbers[numbers > 0]
print(positives)
# array([4, 2, 3])

NumPy elements can be indexed using conditionals. The syntax to filter an array using a conditional is array_name[conditional].

The returned array will contain only the elements for which the conditional evaluates to True.

NumPy element-wise logical operations

numbers = np.array([-5, 4, 0, 2, 3])
positives = numbers[numbers > 0]
print(positives)
# array([4, 2, 3])

NumPy Arrays support element-wise logical operations, returning new Arrays populated with False or True based on their evaluation.

Creating NumPy Arrays from files

numbers = np.array([-5, 4, 0, 2, 3])
positives = numbers[numbers > 0]
print(positives)
# array([4, 2, 3])

NumPy Arrays can be created from data in CSV files or other delimited text by using the np.genfromtxt() method.

The named parameter delimiter is used to determine the delimiting character between values.

NumPy Arrays

numbers = np.array([-5, 4, 0, 2, 3])
positives = numbers[numbers > 0]
print(positives)
# array([4, 2, 3])

NumPy (short for “Numerical Python”) is a Python module used for numerical computing, creating arrays and matrices, and performing very fast operations on those data structures. The core of NumPy is a multidimensional Array object.

The NumPy .array() method is used to create new NumPy Arrays.

Accessing NumPy Array elements by index

numbers = np.array([-5, 4, 0, 2, 3])
positives = numbers[numbers > 0]
print(positives)
# array([4, 2, 3])

Individual NumPy Array elements can be accessed by index, using syntax identical to Python lists: array[index] for a single element, or array[start:end] for a slice, where start and end are the starting and ending indexes for the slice.

Nested Arrays or elements can be accessed by adding additional comma-separated parameters.

NumPy element-wise arithmetic operations

numbers = np.array([-5, 4, 0, 2, 3])
positives = numbers[numbers > 0]
print(positives)
# array([4, 2, 3])

NumPy Arrays support element-wise operations, meaning that arithmetic operations on arrays are applied to each value in the array.

Multiple arrays can also be used in arithmetic operations, provided that they have the same lengths.

Introduction to NumPy

Lesson 1 of 1

1
Sarah records her second-grade class’s grades in an online spreadsheet. Her web browser records that she visited that spreadsheet, in addition to every other site she’s visited. Those sites record…
2
To use NumPy with Python, import it at the top of your file using the following line: import numpy as np Writing as np allows us to use np as a shorthand for NumPy, which saves us time when cal…
3
NumPy includes a powerful data structure known as an array. A NumPy array is a special type of list. It’s a data structure that organizes multiple items. Each item can be of any type (strings, …
4
Typically, you won’t be entering data directly into an array. Instead, you’ll be importing the data from somewhere else. We’re able to transform CSV (comma-separated values) files into arrays usin…
5
Generally, NumPy arrays are more efficient than lists. One reason is that they allow you to do element-wise operations. An element-wise operation allows you to quickly perform an operation, such …
6
Arrays can also be added to or subtracted from each other in NumPy, assuming the arrays have the same number of elements. When adding or subtracting arrays in NumPy, each element will be added/sub…
7
In Python, we can create lists that are made up of other lists. Similarly, in NumPy we can create an array of arrays. If the arrays that make up our bigger array are all the same size, then it has …
8
NumPy allows us to select elements from an array using their indices. Consider the one-dimensional array a = np.array([5, 2, 7, 0, 11]) If we wanted to select the first element in this array, we…
9
Selecting elements from a 2-d array is very similar to selecting them from a 1-d array, we just have two indices to select from. The syntax for selecting from a 2-d array is a[row,column] where a i…
10
Another useful thing that arrays can do is perform element-wise logical operations. For instance, suppose we want to know how many elements in an array are greater than 5. We can easily write som…
11
Let’s take a second and review. In this lesson, you learned the basics of the NumPy package. Here are some key points: - Arrays are a special type of list that allows us to store values in an orga…