Key Concepts

Review core concepts you need to learn to master this subject

PHP Variable Scope

return statement in PHP

Invoking a function in PHP

Define PHP Function

Camel Case Function

PHP Variable Scope

<?php

$x = 6;

function scope(){
    $y = 7;

    echo $x;
    // prints 'undefined variable'
  
    global $x;
    echo $x;
    // prints 6
    
    echo $y;
    // prints 7
}

scope();

A variable with local scope can only be accessed within the function it is declared. A variable with global scope can be accessed from multiple functions in the PHP script.

Introduction to PHP Functions
Lesson 1 of 1
  1. 1
    Introduction
    We can think of programs as series of instructions to be performed by the computer. So far in each of our PHP programs, each step has been explicitly laid out in the order we want it to happen. S…
    Start
  2. 2
    Defining Functions
    Let’s get right to it and create our first function: function greetLearner() { echo “Hello, Learner!\n”; echo “I hope you’re enjoying PHP!\n”; echo “Love, Codecademy”; } Let’s walk through …
    Start
  3. 3
    Invoking Functions
    In our last exercise, we saw that when we define a function, the instructions within the code block aren’t executed. Defining a function only tells the computer to associate a name with a set of in…
    Start
  4. 4
    Return Statements
    As we build more complicated functions, we’ll often be using them to process data. In order for the data to be useful, functions have the ability to return a value in addition to performing instr…
    Start
  5. 5
    More on Return Statements
    The return keyword immediately stops a function. This means that any code after a return won’t run. Let’s compare two different functions: announceRunning() and announceRunning2(). The first of t…
    Start
  6. 6
    Return Values
    The value returned from a function is just that—a value. This means it can be used in any manner we would normally use a value of that type. This can take some getting used to. Take a look at the f…
    Start
  7. 7
    Returning NULL
    What about functions without return statements? Any function without a return returns a special value NULL. NULL is a special data type that stands for the absence of a value. function returnNothi…
    Start
  8. 8
    Parameters
    Functions that do exactly the same thing every time they run can save us from having to repeat code in our programs, but functions can do more. In the beginning of this lesson, we wrote a greetLe…
    Start
  9. 9
    Multiple Parameters
    We can also define functions with multiple parameters. function divide($num_one, $num_two) { return $num_one / $num_two; }; In the function above, we defined the divide() function. It takes in…
    Start
  10. 10
    Default Parameters
    Earlier we wrote a sayCustomHello() function which took in a $name and printed a custom greeting. If we tried to invoke this function without an argument, it would cause an error; the function is d…
    Start
  11. 11
    Pass By Reference
    We can invoke functions with variables or with values directly. When we invoke a function with a variable as its argument, it’s as if we’re assigning the value held by that variable to the function…
    Start
  12. 12
    Variable Scope
    Passing arguments into a function and returning values is a clear way to define the interface between the function and the rest of the code. This is the preferred method of exchanging information w…
    Start
  13. 13
    Review
    Great job! Let’s review what we covered in this lesson: + We can package a set of instructions within a named function to reuse whenever we’d like. + When we invoke a function, the computer wil…
    Start

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