Computers use file systems to store and retrieve data. Each file is an individual container of related information. If you've ever saved a document, downloaded a song, or even sent an email you've ...

When we read a file, we might want to grab the whole document in a single string, like [...] would return. But what if we wanted to store each line in a variable? We can use the [...] function ...

Sometimes you don't want to iterate through a whole file. For that, there's a different file method, [...] , which will only read a single line at a time. If the entire document is read line by li...

Reading a file is all well and good, but what if we want to create a file of our own? With Python we can do just that. It turns out that our [...] function that we're using to open a file to read...

So maybe completely deleting and overwriting existing files is something that bothers you. Isn't there a way to just add a line to a file without completely deleting it? Of course there is! Instead...

We've been opening these files with this [...] block so far, but it seems a little weird that we can only use our file variable in the indented block. Why is that? The [...] keyword invokes som...

Text files aren't the only thing that Python can read, but they're the only thing that we don't any need additional parsing library to understand. CSV files are an example of a text file that impos...

Recall our CSV file from our last exercise: users.csv [...] Even though we can read these lines as text without a problem, there are ways to access the data in a format better suited for pr...

I need to level with you, I've been lying to you for the past two exercises. Well, kind of. We've been acting like CSV files are Comma-Separated Values files. It's true that CSV stands for that, bu...

Naturally if we have the ability to read different CSV files we might want to be able to programmatically create CSV files that save output and data that someone could load into their spreadsheet s...

CSV isn't the only file format that Python has a built-in library for. We can also use Python's file tools to read and write JSON. JSON, an abbreviation of JavaScript Object Notation, is a file for...

Naturally we can use the [...] library to translate Python objects to JSON as well. This is especially useful in instances where you're using a Python library to serve web pages, you would also b...

Now you know all about files! You were able to: - Open up file objects using [...] and [...] . - Read a file's full contents using Python's [...] method. - Read a file line-by-line using ...