.equal_range()

In C++, the .equal_range() function returns a pair of iterators that define the range of elements matching a given key in an associative container. It is especially useful with multimap, where multiple elements can have the same key, allowing developers to retrieve all of them efficiently. In a map, where keys are unique, the returned range will contain at most one element.

Syntax

mapName.equal_range(key);

Parameters:

• key: The key value to search for in the map.

Return value:

• Returns a std::pair of iterators:

  • The first iterator points to the first element equal to the key (or the position where it would be inserted).
  • The second iterator points to the element just past the last element equal to the key.

Example

This code uses .equal_range to find and print the element(s) with key 3 in a std::map:

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main() {
  std::map<int, std::string> myMap = {
    {1, "apple"},
    {2, "banana"},
    {3, "cherry"},
    {4, "date"},
    {5, "elderberry"}
  };

  // Find the range of elements with key 3
  auto range = myMap.equal_range(3);

  if (range.first != range.second) {
    std::cout << "Elements with key 3:" << std::endl;
      for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
        std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << std::endl;
      }
  } else {
    std::cout << "No elements with key 3 found." << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

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The output produced by this code is:

Elements with key 3:
3 => cherry

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The code creates a std::map of integers to strings and uses the .equal_range() function to find the range of elements with the key 3. Since std::map stores unique keys, the resulting range will contain at most one element. If the key exists, the range will include that element; otherwise, the range will be empty.

Codebyte Example

Run this codebyte to understand how the .equal_range() function works:

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