Unix

Unix is a family of operating systems that are all derived from the original AT&T Unix developed at Bell Labs in 1969. Unix is a multitasking, multiuser operating system that is characterized by the implementation of many small modular software tools that can be combined using a scripting language known as the Unix shell. Unix and Unix-like operating systems are currently used widely on servers, workstations, and mobile devices.

Originally developed for internal use at Bell Labs in the late 1970s, AT&T licensed Unix to a variety of outside parties, leading to a number of academic and commercial Unix variants. These include:

• Berkeley Software Distribution from the University of California, Berkeley (now discontinued).
• SunOS/Solaris from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle).
• Advanced Interactive eXecutive (AIX) from IBM.

Timeline

1991 - Linus Torvalds released the open-source Linux kernel as a Unix-like free alternative to proprietary Unix systems. It had since exploded into dozens, if not hundreds of different variant distributions.

1992 - A free derivative of BSD Unix was released, leading to the NetBSD and FreeBSD projects. Since 1994 BSD Unix has developed several different branches, including OpenBSD.

2000 - Apple released a BSD Unix System named Darwin that eventually became the core of the macOS operating system.