Map

A map is a built-in data structure that is used to store a collection of unordered key-value pairs. The pairs can be of the same type or of mixed types. It is Go’s implementation of a hash table, which allows for efficient access, insertion, and deletion.

Syntax

An empty map can be created using the make() function and assigning it to a variable.

variable_name := make(map[key_data_type]value_data_type)

An empty map can also be created by assigning the variable to a map literal.

variable_name := map[key_data_type]value_data_type{}

Initializing a Map With Existing Key-Value Pairs

A map literal can also be used when initializing values in the declaration.

map_name := map[key_data_type]value_data_type{
  key-1: value-1,
  key-2: value-2,
  key-N: value-N,
}

Note: All pairs should terminate with a comma, including the final pair, unless the assignment is all made on one line.

Accessing Items

A value in the map can be accessed using its corresponding key value by putting the key in brackets.

map_name[key_value]

The value that results from the code above can also be stored in a variable for later use.

variable_name := map_name[key_value]

If the key does not exist, then the zero value will be returned based on the data type of the values in the map (e.g. int : 0, bool : false).

Adding Items

Add new key-value pairs into the map by setting the new key value to a new value.

map_name[new_key] = [new_value]

Removing Items

Key-value pairs can be removed from a map with the built-in delete() function.

delete(map_name, existing_key)

Examples

Declaring an Empty Map

The following code demonstrates how to create and print an empty map.

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

  // Create a empty map called emptyMap
  emptyMap := make(map[string]int)

  // Print map
  fmt.Println(emptyMap)

}

This will output:

map[]

Declaring a Map with Values

The following code demonstrates how to initialize and print a map with key-value pairs.

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

  // Initialize map gradebook with values
  gradebook := map[string]float32{"John": 85.2, "Ana": 95.6}

  // Print map gradebook
  fmt.Println(gradebook)
}

This will output:

map[John:85.2 Ana:95.6]

Accessing Elements

The following code will print the corresponding value for the key "John".

  // Print the value with key "John"
  fmt.Println(gradebook["John"])

This will output:

85.2

Iterating All Key/Value Pairs in a Map

The following code will iterate and print all the key/value pairs of the map.

  // Iterate all key/value pairs of the gradebook map
  for key, value := range gradebook {
    fmt.Printf("(%s, %.1f)\n", key, value)
  }

This will output:

(John, 85.2)
(Ana, 95.6)

Storing a Map Value in a Variable

The following code will access the value in a map corresponding to the key of “Ana”. It will store the result in a variable called anaScore and print it.

  // Store the value that has a key of "Ana" in anaScore
  anaScore := gradebook["Ana"]

  fmt.Println(anaScore)

This will output:

95.6

Accessing a Key That Doesn’t Exist

The following code demonstrates what is returned for a non-existent key. The map maps a string to a float.

  // Store the value that has a key of "John" in johnScore
  johnScore := gradebook["David"]

  // Since "David" does not exist in the map, 0 will be printed
  fmt.Println(johnScore)

This will output:

0

Adding Values

The following code will first print an initialized map. It will then add two more key-value pairs into the map and print the map.

  // Print the initialized map
  fmt.Println(gradebook)

  // Add more key-value pairs
  gradebook["George"] = 76.4
  gradebook["Emma"] = 90

  // Print the map again
  fmt.Println(gradebook)

This will output:

map[Ana:95.6 John:85.2]
map[Ana:95.6 Emma:90 George:76.4 John:85.2]

Removing Values

The following code will first print an initialized map. It will then remove a key-value pair and print the map.

  // Print the initialized map
  fmt.Println(gradebook)

  // Delete an item
  delete(gradebook, "John")

  // Print the map again
  fmt.Println(gradebook)

This will output:

map[Ana:95.6 Emma:90 George:76.4 John:85.2]
map[Ana:95.6 Emma:90 George:76.4]

Codebyte Example

The following code will summarize all the initializations and operations for a map in Go that has been shown in this document.

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