File Paths

A file path describes the location of a file in a website’s folder structure. They are used to link to external files, like:

• Websites
• Images
• Videos
• MP3 files
• Style sheets
• JavaScript code

Absolute File Paths

URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full URL, for example:

https://codecademy.com/resources/docs

<a href="https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs">
  The URL for this anchor element is an absolute file path.
</a>

Here is a helpful image to illustrate what an absolute file path is:

Relative File Paths

Relative file paths are paths that link to a local file in the same folder or on the same server. For example:

• ./about.html
• ./style.css
• ./images/logo.png

Relative file paths begin with ./ followed by a path to the local file. ./ tells the browser to look for the file path from the current folder.

<a href="./about.html">
  The URL for this anchor element is a relative file path.
</a>

Here is a helpful image to illustrate what a relative file path is:

Root-Relative File Paths

Root-relative paths are similar to absolute paths, but they start from the root of the website (domain) regardless of the current directory:

• “/images/logo.png” (references an image file from the root of the website)
• “/css/styles.css” (reference stylesheets and scripts from the root as well)
• “/js/script.js” (reference stylesheets and scripts from the root as well)

Path-relative file paths begin with a /. This forward slash signals to the web browser that the path should be resolved starting from the website’s root directory.

<a href="/images/logo.png">
  The URL for this anchor element is a root-relative file path.
</a>

Here is a helpful image to illustrate what a root-relative file path is:

Besides that, here is what it looks like in a tree format where the node at the top is the ‘root’ node denoted by the / and the rest are the subdirectories in that root directory:

Link to a Specific Part of the Page

The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to different parts of the same HTML document using the href attribute to point to the desired location with # followed by the id of the element to link to.

<div>
  <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A different part of the page!</p>
</div>

<!-- Later in the page --->

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take me to a different part of the page</a>

Here is an example image that may be useful for implementing the anchor element for going to a different part of the page: