Java Operators

Operators are used to perform various operations on variables and values of various data types.

Arithmetic Operators

Basic math operations can be applied to int, double, and float data types:

• + addition
• - subtraction
• * multiplication
• / division
• % modulo (yields the remainder)

These operations are not supported for other data types.

int a = 20;
int b = 10;

int result;

result = a + b;  // 30
result = a - b;  // 10
result = a * b;  // 200
result = a / b;  // 2
result = a % b;  // 0

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Comparison Operators

Comparison operators can be used to compare two values:

• > greater than
• < less than
• >= greater than or equal to
• <= less than or equal to
• == equal to
• != not equal to

They are supported for primitive data types and the result of a comparison is a boolean value true or false:

int a = 5;
int b = 3;

boolean result = a > b;
// Result now holds the boolean value true

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There is also a type comparison operator, instanceof. It tests if a given object is an instance of a particular class, subclass, or interface. It will return false if the object being compared has a null value.

class Example {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
  Example test = new Example();
  System.out.println(test instanceof Example);
  // Outputs true
 }
}

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Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to manipulate individual bits of a number.

• & Bitwise AND
• | Bitwise OR
• ^ Bitwise XOR
• ~ Bitwise complement
• << Signed right shift operator
• >> Signed left shift operator
• >>> Unsigned right shift operator
• <<< Unsigned left shift operator

They can only be operated on data of int, char, byte, long, and short.

int a = 5;
int b = 3;

int bitwiseAnd = a & b;
// 1

int bitwiseOr = a | b;
// 7

int bitwiseXor = a ^ b;
// 6

int bitwiseComplement = ~a;
// -6

int bitwiseRightShift = a >> b;
// 0

int bitwiseLeftShift = a << b;
// 40

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Logical Operators

Logical operators combine multiple boolean expressions or values. They return a boolean result (true or false).

These are the logical operators in Java:

• && Logical AND: Returns true if both expressions are true.
• || Logical OR: Returns true if any expression is true.
• ! Logical NOT: Reverses the result (true → false).

int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int c = 20;

System.out.println((a > b) && (a < c));  // true, both conditions are true
System.out.println((a > b) || (a > c));  // true, one condition is true
System.out.println(!(a > b));            // false, negates true

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