Strings

Strings are a primitive data type. They are any grouping of characters (letters, spaces, numbers, or symbols) surrounded by single quotes ', double quotes " or backticks `.

Concatenation

In JavaScript, multiple strings can be concatenated or joined together using the + operator.

In the example below, multiple strings and variables containing string values have been concatenated. After the code block is run, the displayText variable will contain the concatenated string:

let service = 'credit card';
let month = 'May 30th';
let displayText = 'Your ' + service + ' bill is due on ' + month + '.';

console.log(displayText);
// Output: Your credit card bill is due on May 30th.

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Interpolation

String interpolation is the process of evaluating string literals containing one or more placeholders (expressions, variables, etc). It can be performed using template literals (text ${expression} text), as in the following example:

let age = 7;

// String concatenation
console.log('Tommy is ' + age + ' years old.');
// Output: Tommy is 7 years old.

// String interpolation
console.log(`Tommy is ${age} years old.`);
// Output: Tommy is 7 years old.

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Escaping Characters

On occasion, it may be necessary to include characters in a string that may have reserved meanings or to apply additional formatting. Characters, such as quotes, can be included by prepending a \. There are a number of predefined escape sequences such as \n or \t to add formatting such as a line break or tab respectively:

// Line break
console.log('Hello\nWorld');
// Output:
// Hello
// World

// Including quotes
console.log('"Wayne\'s World"');
// Output: "Wayne's World"

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Codebyte Example

The following codebyte example demonstrates how the above concepts work:

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