Methods

Methods in Swift allow developers to define behaviors for objects (like classes, structures, and enumerations) and make them more interactive. They provide a way for objects to perform specific actions and enhance functionality. By using methods, Swift code is more organized, reusable, and efficient.

Methods are functions that are encapsulated within a defined class, struct, or enum and are called on an instance of an object type.

Creating Methods

Methods are defined within an object using the func keyword, followed by the function name. A pair of parentheses () comes after the name and any parameters can be listed within them. Lastly, the method’s code within a set of curly braces {}.

For example, think of a Car class that has a method called .startEngine().

class Car {
    var brand = ""
    var color = ""

    // Method to start the car's engine
    func startEngine() {
        print("Starting the engine of the \(brand) car.")
    }
}

In the code above, a class called Car has two properties: brand and color. It also has a method named .startEngine() which does not take any parameters. When this method is called on an instance of a Car object, it will print a message about starting the car’s engine.

Using Methods

To utilize a method, an instance of the object must be created. This instance will possess the characteristics specified by the class, allowing access to its methods.

var myCar = Car()
myCar.brand = "Codecar"
myCar.color = "Shadow Grey"

myCar.startEngine()
// Output: Starting the engine of the Codecar car.

In the given example, an object named myCar was created from the Car class; its brand was set to "Codecar", and color was set to "Shadow Grey". Subsequently, the .startEngine() method was called on the myCar object which prints the message about starting the car’s engine.